--- title: "Media Frames" description: "Explore five media-frame categories and evidence showing how conflict, responsibility, economic consequence and human-interest reporting separate event risks." url: "https://nosible.com/ontologies/media-frames" --- [Home](https://nosible.com/) [Ontologies](https://nosible.com/ontologies) Media Frames Ontology field guide By NOSIBLE Research Updated 2026-07-18 # Media Frames Media Frames separates an event from the narrative used to explain it. The same event can be reported as a financial consequence, conflict, personal story, moral question or assignment of responsibility. Those choices create different variables even when the company, date and event stay fixed. Media Frames records the dominant narrative for direct comparison. [[ 1 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x) [[ 2 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x) World assigns one frame to every canonical event. Researchers can segment event regimes and test whether framing adds information beyond topic, sentiment and event type. This guide provides definitions, World base rates, a Wirecard study and downloadable observations for independent analysis. Categories 5 categories Structure Flat, no hierarchy World events labelled 100.0% Stable codes Since v1 Release data CC0 On this page [01 Foundations](https://nosible.com/ontologies/media-frames#foundations) [02 Categories](https://nosible.com/ontologies/media-frames#vocabulary) [03 Example usages](https://nosible.com/ontologies/media-frames#trends) [04 Downloads and references](https://nosible.com/ontologies/media-frames#downloads) Foundations ## Media Frames separates narrative emphasis from topic, sentiment and factual accuracy Economic Consequences foregrounds costs and market effects. Responsibility assigns cause or duty. Conflict foregrounds disagreement. Human Interest centres people. Morality evaluates conduct through ethical or religious principles. The labels describe presentation rather than subject. This distinction is directly testable. [[ 1 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x) World classifies the dominant frame in each event record. It does not infer editorial intent or prove market impact. One label compresses mixed narratives. Test disagreement near class boundaries, source concentration and alternative text representations before using the field in a model across time and source regimes. [[ 2 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x) Categories ## Five peer labels separate market effects, conflict, responsibility, people and morality The ontology is flat. Every World event receives one of five labels. The explorer provides each definition, stable code and exact World V1.2 count. Economic Consequences is the largest class with 4,760,325 events. Morality is the smallest with 748,524. Flat labels keep comparisons direct across events, sources and time. [[ 1 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x) Search code, label, definition or path 5 shown · 5 total Labelled events **15,311,040** World coverage **100.0%** All World events **15,311,040** 15,311,040 of 15,311,040 World events carry labels from Media Frames. Select a category to see its count and both relevant shares. Categories media_frame Conflict Institutional disagreement, competing interests, strategic opposition and confrontation between parties Human Interest Individual experience and personal consequences Economic Consequences Financial costs, market effects and resource allocation Morality Ethical, religious or values-based evaluation Responsibility Attributed cause, obligation and capacity to resolve a problem Conflict ### Conflict Copy link #### Definition Reporting organized around disagreement or incompatible goals between political, commercial and institutional parties. Potential research use Institutional disagreement, competing interests, strategic opposition and confrontation between parties Code Conflict Events with label 4,183,358 Share of labelled 27.3% Share of World 27.3% **Events with label** is the selected count. **Label share** divides it by 15,311,040 assigned events; **World share** divides it by all 15,311,040 events. #### Representative World V1.2 events One strong classified example per available year, with up to ten years shown. 10 examples 1. 2015-07-10BlueIndy Charging Stations Ignite Conflict Between Mayor and CouncilmanCoverage 10 2. 2016-01-28Arizona Regulator Burns Investigates APS Political Spending Amid ConflictCoverage 28 3. 2017-11-07Neighbor Charged With Assault After Conflict With US Senator Rand PaulCoverage 106 4. 2019-05-13EU and UK Warn US-Iran Conflict Could Erupt by AccidentCoverage 88 5. 2020-03-02Turkey Syria Conflict Drives Migrant Crisis at Greek BorderCoverage 192 6. 2021-05-20Israel and Hamas Agree Ceasefire Ending 11-Day Gaza ConflictCoverage 1,400 7. 2022-11-30Schools in Purple Districts Face Rising Political Conflict and HateCoverage 133 8. 2024-09-24Israeli Strikes Kill Nearly 500 in Lebanon Amid Escalating Hezbollah ConflictCoverage 3,381 9. 2025-05-16Trump Plans Direct Talks with Putin to End Ukraine ConflictCoverage 3,087 10. 2026-03-02Middle East War Drives Gas Prices Up as Iran Conflict WidensCoverage 60,216 Browse categories to compare definitions, World V1.2 statistics and representative classified events. Example usage 1 of 3 ### Example Usage: Wirecard reporting moves from dispute before collapse to public accountability afterward The cohort contains 170 English World events that explicitly name Wirecard from January 2019 through September 2020. The collapse window begins on 18 June 2020, when the company disclosed that €1.9 billion in cash could not be confirmed. Wirecard filed for insolvency on 25 June, one week after the disclosure. [[ 3 ]](https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/Jahresbericht/dl_jb_2020_en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2) [[ 5 ]](https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/EN/Pressemitteilung/2020/pm_200625_wirecard_en.html) Conflict accounts for 36.8% of 95 pre-collapse events and falls to 9.3% across 75 collapse events. Responsibility rises from 5.3% to 32.0%, while Economic Consequences remains the largest frame. The transition separates prolonged dispute from assigned accountability after the balance-sheet failure became public, which polarity cannot identify. [[ 1 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x) [[ 4 ]](https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/esma-identifies-deficiencies-in-german-supervision-wirecards-financial-reporting) Explicit Wirecard cohort · 30-day memory 170 events · 2019-01-01 to 2020-09-30 **Responsibility replaces conflict after Wirecard discloses missing cash** share of recent classified events Conflict Responsibility Economic Consequences Each line is the exponentially weighted share of recent Wirecard events assigned to that frame. The thirty-day half-life suppresses isolated daily observations while preserving the transition around the missing-cash disclosure. The chart describes reporting emphasis, not fraud timing, causality or market impact. Example usage 2 of 3 ### Example Usage: Layoff coverage adds blame and conflict that earnings data cannot explain Earnings beats are almost entirely framed through Economic Consequences. Workforce reductions are not. Responsibility, Conflict and Human Interest rise from a combined 1.4% of earnings-beat events to 12.7% of layoff events. The underlying cost action therefore carries information that reported earnings alone cannot measure. [[ 1 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x) That distinction separates expected margin improvement from execution and reputation risk. A portfolio researcher can test whether blame, conflict or employee-centred coverage predicts customer loss, slower hiring, litigation or weaker revisions after announced cuts. Media Frames adds that narrative channel without replacing the underlying event classification. [[ 2 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x) Responsibility +4.3pp Conflict +4.8pp Human Interest +2.3pp Economic Consequences -12.1pp Composition of classified events share of each cohort **Earnings beats** 98.6 % **Workforce reductions** 13.5 % 86.5 % Non-economic framing Economic consequences The fixed Q1 2024 English panel contains 919 earnings-beat events and 561 workforce-reduction events. Counts are divided by all eligible English World events; frame values are within-class shares for direct Q1 comparison between the cohorts. Example usage 3 of 3 ### Example Usage: Responsibility framing identifies the liability clock after a disclosed data breach Earnings misses and data breaches are both negative corporate events, but their frames differ sharply. Economic Consequences accounts for 99.7% of missed-earnings events. Responsibility reaches 45.2% of breach disclosures and Human Interest reaches 20.2%. Polarity cannot separate financial disappointment from breach-related blame inside one sentiment score, leaving distinct liability channels pooled after public disclosure. [[ 1 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x) The frame mix creates a liability clock. Responsibility and Human Interest can be tested against regulatory action, litigation, customer attrition, insurance claims and persistent attention after the initial disclosure. Media Frames isolates those channels while NOSIBLE Events holds the event class constant, reducing generic negative-news contamination. [[ 2 ]](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x) Responsibility +45.2pp Human Interest +20.2pp Economic Consequences -77.1pp Conflict +9.4pp Composition of classified events share of each cohort **Earnings misses** 99.7 % **Disclosed breaches** 45.2 % 22.6 % 20.2 % 12.0 % Responsibility Economic consequences Human interest Conflict and other The fixed Q1 2024 English panel contains 327 earnings-miss events and 124 disclosed-breach events. Media Frames supplies within-class narrative shares; NOSIBLE Events supplies the corporate event classes within the same quarterly panel. Data and sources ## Download Media Frames and References ### Downloads Download categories and counts as CSV, or the complete machine-readable release as JSON. [**CSV** Definitions and counts Download ↓](https://nosible.com/data/world-v1.2/ontologies/media-frames/v1/nodes.csv) [**JSON** Full machine-readable release Download ↓](https://nosible.com/data/world-v1.2/ontologies/media-frames/v1/statistics.json) Release details and citation files [Manifest](https://nosible.com/data/world-v1.2/ontologies/media-frames/v1/manifest.json) [Release README](https://nosible.com/data/world-v1.2/ontologies/media-frames/v1/README.md) [CC0 license and scope](https://nosible.com/data/world-v1.2/ontologies/media-frames/v1/LICENSE.md) [Citation file](https://nosible.com/data/world-v1.2/ontologies/media-frames/v1/CITATION.cff) [Changelog](https://nosible.com/data/world-v1.2/ontologies/media-frames/v1/CHANGELOG.md) Need the complete World event schema? [Open the World data dictionary.](https://nosible.com/data-dictionaries#world) ### References 1. [ 1 ][Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, 50(2), 93-109.](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x) 2. [ 2 ][Scheufele, D. A., & Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, agenda setting, and priming. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9-20.](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9916.2007.00326.x) 3. [ 3 ][Federal Financial Supervisory Authority. (2021). Annual Report 2020, Wirecard chronology and supervisory review.](https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/Jahresbericht/dl_jb_2020_en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2) 4. [ 4 ][European Securities and Markets Authority. (2020). ESMA identifies deficiencies in German supervision of Wirecard's financial reporting.](https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/esma-identifies-deficiencies-in-german-supervision-wirecards-financial-reporting) 5. [ 5 ][Federal Financial Supervisory Authority. (2020). Statement on Wirecard and the company's insolvency filing.](https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/EN/Pressemitteilung/2020/pm_200625_wirecard_en.html) Continue exploring ## Complementary ontologies [7 categories Ekman-7 Emotion Ontology Compare narrative emphasis with the distinct emotional frame expressed in the same event reporting. Explore ontology →](https://nosible.com/ontologies/ekman-emotion) [718 categories IPTC Media Topics Separate a story's narrative frame from its subject to avoid confusing presentation with topic. Explore ontology →](https://nosible.com/ontologies/iptc-media-topics) > Explore five media-frame categories and evidence showing how conflict, responsibility, economic consequence and human-interest reporting separate event risks. **URL:** https://nosible.com/ontologies/media-frames